Paketlemeler tarihte ilk olarak doğal ürünler kullanılarak yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Daha sonra ise cam ve ahşap tarzı maddelerle ambalajlama ve paketleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Cam ve ahşap paketlemenin yaklaşık 5000 yıllık bir tarihi olduğu söylenmektedir.1823 yılında Peter Durand sac levhadan yapılan ilk ambalajlamayı bulmuştur. Bu ambalajlama yapılan ilk metal ambalajlamadır.1900 yılında ise üç parçalı teneke kutu tarzında ambalajlama başlamıştır.
Yine bu yıllarda kağıt ve kartonla ambalajlamaya başlanmış olup paketlemede önemli bir çeşit olmuştur. Plastik bulunduktan sonra da kağıt paketleme yerini daha çok plastik ambalajlamaya bırakmıştır. Plastik ambalajın tercih edilme sebebi ise hafif olması, zehirsiz olması, kokusuz olması, tatsız olması ve genellikle saydam olmasıdır. Ayrıca kimyasal maddelere karşı da bir dayanıklılığı bulunmaktadır.
AMBALAJ VE PAKETLEMENİN KULLANIM ALANLARI
Ambalaj ve Paketlemenin Kullanım Alanları ilk olarak ürünlerin bozulmaması, ışık görmemesi gereken maddelerin korunması ve hayvanlardan koruma amaçlı kullanılmıştır. Kağıt ve karton ambalaj meyve suyunda, defter kaplamada, gıda ürünlerinde, baharatlarda, ham maddelerde, endüstriyel maddelerde, tekstil ürünlerinde, kırtasiye ürünlerinde koruma ve paketleme amacıyla kullanılmaktadır.
Plastik ambalaj su, kola, meyve suyu ayran gibi içeceklerin paketlenmesinde, temizlik malzemelerinin paketlenmesi ve korunmasında, kimyasal ürünlerin paketlenmesinde ve korunmasında, reçel, sirke, turşu gibi maddelerin korunmasında oluşumunda paketlenmesinde kullanılmaktadır.
Ambalajların Doğaya Zararı
Kağıt ve karton ambalajların doğaya zararı çok yoktur. Kullanıldıktan sonra ya da işlevini yitirdikten sonra çok kolay geri dönüşüm sağlayabilen ya da kolay yok olabilen maddelerdir. Cam ambalaj birden çok kullanılabildiği için ambalaj atıkları diğer ambalaj atıklarına göre daha azdır. Ayrıca çoğunluğu oksijen ve silisyum içeren silikat mineralinden yapıldığı için kolay geri dönüşüm sağlamaktadır.
Plastik ambalaj atıkları ise son senelerde ülkemizde en çok olan ambalaj atığıdır ve bu atık sayısının daha da artacağı söylenmektedir. Plastiğin petrol türevli bir madde olmasından dolayı zor geri dönüşüme uğrar. Denize atıldığında denizi kirletebilir, karada ise topraktaki vitamin ve mineralleri yok edebilir. Plastik ambalajlar denizde yaklaşık 400 yılda karada ise yaklaşık 800 yılda yok olmaktadır.
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